The provided diagram illustrates the sequential stages involved in the formation of a rain-shadow desert. Overall, the process is driven by the interaction between prevailing winds and mountain ranges, which leads to a significant disparity in moisture levels between the windward and leeward sides of the terrain.
The cycle begins as winds approach the coast from the sea, carrying moisture inland. As these winds encounter a mountain range, they are forced upwards. As the air rises, it undergoes cooling, which facilitates the formation of clouds. This leads to the fifth stage, where rain falls on the windward side of the mountain, effectively depleting the air mass of its moisture content.
Following the precipitation, the now-dry air continues its journey over the mountain peak towards the leeward side. In the final stage, these dry winds descend and reach inland areas. Because the moisture has been lost on the windward side, the inland region experiences extremely arid conditions, ultimately resulting in the creation of a rain-shadow desert. This entire geographical process spans thousands of kilometres, demonstrating how topographical barriers significantly influence regional climate patterns.