Writing Task 2 · Problem and solution

Littering in public parks: causes and potential solutions: IELTS Writing Task 2 sample answer

An IELTS Writing Task 2 problem and solution essay question with a Band 8 sample answer, the plan behind it, the vocabulary that lifts it and what an examiner looks for.
  • 277 words
  • Problem and solution
  • General Training
  • 40 minutes

The question

Littering is a problem in many public parks. Why does this happen, and what can be done to solve it?

About 40 minutes. Write at least 250 words.

Problem and solution

Plan before you write

  1. 1

    Your position

    Littering stems from a lack of civic responsibility and insufficient waste management, which can be mitigated through educational campaigns and stricter enforcement.

  2. 2

    Paragraph 2

    The primary cause of park pollution is a lack of individual accountability compounded by an inadequate number of accessible disposal facilities.

  3. 3

    Paragraph 3

    Effective solutions involve integrating environmental awareness into school curricula and implementing punitive measures for those who violate sanitation regulations.

  • →Name one or two specific problems, not a general complaint.
  • →Match each solution to a problem and say who would carry it out.
  • →Keep problems and solutions in separate paragraphs so the structure is visible.

Model answer

Band 8 sample essay

Band 8277 words · use the structure and vocabulary, not the sentences

The accumulation of refuse in public green spaces has become a pervasive issue in urban environments. This trend is primarily driven by a decline in personal responsibility and a shortage of logistical infrastructure, necessitating a multifaceted approach to restore the cleanliness of these communal areas.

At the root of this problem is a prevailing apathy among park users regarding their environmental footprint. Many individuals mistakenly believe that the responsibility for tidiness lies solely with park authorities rather than the visitors themselves. This mentality is exacerbated by a scarcity of conveniently located waste bins. For instance, in many municipal parks, visitors often find themselves walking significant distances to discard a single wrapper, which frequently leads to the casual abandonment of rubbish on lawns or benches when facilities are not immediately visible.

To address this challenge, local governments should focus on both education and enforcement. Integrating environmental stewardship into educational programmes would foster a stronger sense of civic duty among the youth, encouraging them to view public spaces as shared assets. Furthermore, the installation of more frequent, high-capacity recycling and waste stations would make proper disposal the path of least resistance. Supplementing these measures with modest fines for littering would serve as a powerful deterrent. A city in Scandinavia, for example, successfully reduced park litter by 40% after deploying 'smart' bins alongside a highly publicised awareness campaign that highlighted the impact of waste on local wildlife.

In summary, the degradation of public parks through littering is a consequence of poor habits and infrastructure gaps. By combining long-term educational initiatives with practical improvements in waste management and firm enforcement, society can effectively reclaim the cleanliness of these essential public spaces.

Examiner's view

Why this scores Band 8

The essay achieves Band 8 by directly addressing both parts of the prompt with clear, logical progression and sophisticated vocabulary. A Band 6 answer typically fails to provide specific examples and often relies on repetitive, generic advice without linking the causes to the proposed solutions.

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8 words

Vocabulary from the essay

  • pervasive

    spreading widely throughout an area or a group

  • apathy

    lack of interest, enthusiasm, or general concern

  • exacerbated

    made a problem or bad situation even worse

  • scarcity

    the state of being in very short supply

  • stewardship

    the job of supervising or taking care of

  • deterrent

    a thing that discourages someone from doing something

  • degradation

    the condition or process of being brought down

  • communal

    shared by all members of a specific community

More words for this topic: IELTS vocabulary for environment.

Frequently asked questions

What type of essay is "Littering in public parks: causes and potential solutions"?+

Problem and solution. Name one or two specific problems, not a general complaint.

How many words should an IELTS Writing Task 2 essay be?+

At least 250 words, in about 40 minutes. This sample is 277 words, written to fit that time with five minutes left to check grammar.

How is IELTS Writing Task 2 scored?+

On four criteria: task response, coherence and cohesion, vocabulary, and grammatical range and accuracy. Task 2 counts for twice as much as Task 1 in your Writing band.

What is the difference between a Band 6 and a Band 8 answer here?+

The essay achieves Band 8 by directly addressing both parts of the prompt with clear, logical progression and sophisticated vocabulary. A Band 6 answer typically fails to provide specific examples and often relies on repetitive, generic advice without linking the causes to the proposed solutions.

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