Academic Writing Task 1 · line graph

Employment patterns across five sectors in the USA from 1930 to 2010: IELTS Writing Task 1 sample answer

An IELTS Writing Task 1 line graph question with a Band 8 sample answer, the chart redrawn with its data, the vocabulary that lifts the report and how to write about line graphs.
  • 179 words
  • Line graphs
  • Academic
  • 20 minutes

The question

The graph below presents the employment patterns in the USA between 1930 and 2010.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

USA labour force employment 1930-2010 (%)
020406080100193019401950196019701980199020002010
  • Industrial
  • Farming, fishing and Foresting
  • Technical
  • Sales and Office
  • Other Services
View the data
193019401950196019701980199020002010
Industrial75706765604030102
Farming, fishing and Foresting02221020303534
Technical23581013192325
Sales and Office10151071013152020
Other Services1025121010101010

Chart redrawn by BandLadder from the data in the original IELTS practice task. Many IELTS practice tasks come from the Cambridge IELTS series (Cambridge University Press & Assessment); all rights in the original tasks remain with their owners.

Model answer

Band 8 sample answer

Band 8179 words. Every figure in the answer comes from the chart above.

The line graph illustrates changes in the percentage of the USA labour force employed across five distinct sectors between 1930 and 2010. Overall, the industrial sector underwent a massive contraction, whereas the farming, fishing, and foresting sector saw a steady rise, eventually becoming the most prominent employer by the end of the period.

In 1930, the industrial sector dominated the labour market, accounting for 75% of employment. However, this figure plummeted consistently over the following decades, reaching 40% by 1980 and falling to a negligible 2% by 2010. Conversely, the farming, fishing, and foresting sector started at 0% in 1930 and remained stagnant until 1960. Thereafter, it grew rapidly, peaking at 35% in 2000 before settling at 34% in 2010.

Regarding the remaining sectors, technical employment showed a gradual upward trend, rising from 2% in 1930 to 25% by 2010. Sales and office employment fluctuated, starting at 10%, peaking at 20% in 2000, and remaining stable thereafter. Finally, other services experienced volatility, initially dropping from 10% to 2% in 1940, before recovering and plateauing at 10% from 1970 onwards.

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Line graphs

How to write about line graphs: tips and vocabulary

  • →Overview first: the overall direction of each line and which was highest.
  • →Group lines that move together instead of describing each one in turn.
  • →Give the start and end figures plus the peak or low point, not every value.
  • contraction

    a process of becoming smaller in size or amount

  • plummeted

    decreased rapidly in value or amount

  • stagnant

    showing no activity or current development

  • fluctuated

    rose and fell irregularly in number or amount

  • plateauing

    reaching a state of little or no change

  • prominent

    important, noticeable, or standing out clearly

Frequently asked questions

What should the overview say?+

The most significant trend is the dramatic decline of the industrial sector, while the farming, fishing, and foresting sector experienced the most substantial growth over the period.

How many words and how long for IELTS Writing Task 1?+

At least 150 words; 170 to 200 is the safe range. Spend about 20 minutes on it and leave 40 for Task 2, which carries twice the marks.

How is IELTS Writing Task 1 scored?+

On four criteria: task achievement, coherence and cohesion, vocabulary, and grammatical range and accuracy. A clear overview of the main features is what most separates Band 6 from Band 7 and above.

How do I describe line graphs?+

Overview first: the overall direction of each line and which was highest. Group lines that move together instead of describing each one in turn. Give the start and end figures plus the peak or low point, not every value.

Keep practising

More line graphs

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