Academic Writing Task 1 · line graph

The impact of vaccination on whooping cough cases in Britain: IELTS Writing Task 1 sample answer

An IELTS Writing Task 1 line graph question with a Band 8 sample answer, the chart redrawn with its data, the vocabulary that lifts the report and how to write about line graphs.
  • 178 words
  • Line graphs
  • Academic
  • 20 minutes

The question

The graph shows the impact of vaccinations on the incidence of whooping cough, a childhood illness, between 1940 and 1990 in Britain.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

Cases of whooping cough (Britain) 1940-1990 (Reported cases and Percent)
040,00080,000120,000160,000200,00019401950196019701980199020002010
  • Reported cases
  • % Vaccine uptake
View the data
194019451950195519601965197019751980198519901995200020052010
Reported cases55,00095,000145,00080,00058,00035,00018,00065,00065,00035,0005,0003,0002,0001,0001,000
% Vaccine uptake–––––81753060709494949495

Chart redrawn by BandLadder from the data in the original IELTS practice task. Many IELTS practice tasks come from the Cambridge IELTS series (Cambridge University Press & Assessment); all rights in the original tasks remain with their owners.

Model answer

Band 8 sample answer

Band 8178 words. Every figure in the answer comes from the chart above.

The line graph illustrates the incidence of whooping cough in Britain between 1940 and 2010, alongside the corresponding percentage of vaccine uptake. Overall, it is clear that the number of reported cases experienced a dramatic downward trend, while vaccine coverage generally increased, despite a notable dip in the mid-1970s.

At the start of the period in 1940, there were approximately 55,000 reported cases of whooping cough. This figure fluctuated significantly, peaking at around 145,000 cases by 1950. Following the introduction of the vaccination programme in the mid-1950s, the number of cases began a sharp decline, dropping to roughly 35,000 by 1960 and falling further to below 20,000 by 1970.

Conversely, vaccine uptake was recorded at 81% in the mid-1960s before plummeting to a low of 30% in the mid-1970s. This period of low vaccination coincided with a temporary resurgence in the disease, with cases spiking to approximately 65,000. However, as vaccine uptake recovered to 94% by 1990, the incidence of whooping cough fell to negligible levels, remaining consistently low at approximately 1,000 cases per year through to 2010.

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Line graphs

How to write about line graphs: tips and vocabulary

  • →Overview first: the overall direction of each line and which was highest.
  • →Group lines that move together instead of describing each one in turn.
  • →Give the start and end figures plus the peak or low point, not every value.
  • Incidence

    The frequency or rate of occurrence of something

  • Correlates

    Having a mutual relationship or connection between two

  • Plummeting

    Falling or dropping straight down at high speed

  • Resurgence

    An increase or revival after a period of decline

  • Negligible

    So small or unimportant as to be ignored

  • Fluctuated

    Rising and falling irregularly in number or amount

Frequently asked questions

What should the overview say?+

The graph illustrates a significant long-term decline in whooping cough cases, which correlates inversely with the fluctuations in vaccine uptake over the seven-decade period.

How many words and how long for IELTS Writing Task 1?+

At least 150 words; 170 to 200 is the safe range. Spend about 20 minutes on it and leave 40 for Task 2, which carries twice the marks.

How is IELTS Writing Task 1 scored?+

On four criteria: task achievement, coherence and cohesion, vocabulary, and grammatical range and accuracy. A clear overview of the main features is what most separates Band 6 from Band 7 and above.

How do I describe line graphs?+

Overview first: the overall direction of each line and which was highest. Group lines that move together instead of describing each one in turn. Give the start and end figures plus the peak or low point, not every value.

Keep practising

More line graphs

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