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Average Excavation Speed by Geological Condition (Metres per day). Drill and Blast: Soft Silt 3, Fractured Shale 6, Solid Granite 9, Mixed Gravel 4. Roadheader Excavation: Soft Silt 8, Fractured Shale 11, Solid Granite 2, Mixed Gravel 6.
| Soft Silt | Fractured Shale | Solid Granite | Mixed Gravel | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Drill and Blast | 3 | 6 | 9 | 4 |
| Roadheader Excavation | 8 | 11 | 2 | 6 |
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Carbon Monoxide Levels Along Tunnel Length (Parts per million). Natural Draft: Portal Entry 5, 2 km 18, 4 km 32, 6 km 45, 8 km 38, 10 km 22, Portal Exit 6. Forced Ventilation: Portal Entry 4, 2 km 8, 4 km 12, 6 km 15, 8 km 14, 10 km 9, Portal Exit 5.
| Portal Entry | 2 km | 4 km | 6 km | 8 km | 10 km | Portal Exit | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural Draft | 5 | 18 | 32 | 45 | 38 | 22 | 6 |
| Forced Ventilation | 4 | 8 | 12 | 15 | 14 | 9 | 5 |
Artificial Ground Freezing Procedure. Stage 1: Drill perimeter freeze holes. Stage 2: Circulate chilled brine coolant. Stage 3: Form continuous ice wall. Stage 4: Excavate unstable waterlogged ground. Stage 5: Install permanent cast concrete lining. Stage 6: Decommission freeze plant and thaw.
Excavation Shaft Surface Logistics Compound, north at the top. Access Gate in the north-west, Grout Plant in the north, Spoil Holding Bay in the north-east, Main Launch Shaft in the centre, Precast Segment Yard in the south-west, Power Substation in the south-east.
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